1.4.1. /db/doc

HEAD /{db}/{docid}

返回包含有关指定文档的少量信息的 HTTP 标头。该方法支持与 GET /{db}/{docid} 方法相同的查询参数,但只返回标头信息(包括文档大小和修订版本作为 ETag)。

The ETag 标头显示所请求文档的当前修订版本,而 Content-Length 指定数据的长度,如果文档以完整形式请求。

添加任何查询参数(参见 GET /{db}/{docid}),则生成的 HTTP 标头将对应于将返回的内容。

参数:
  • db – 数据库名称

  • docid – 文档 ID

请求标头:
响应标头:
状态代码:

请求:

HEAD /db/SpaghettiWithMeatballs HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Host: localhost:5984

响应:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: must-revalidate
Content-Length: 660
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2013 21:35:37 GMT
ETag: "12-151bb8678d45aaa949ec3698ef1c7e78"
Server: CouchDB (Erlang/OTP)
GET /{db}/{docid}

从指定的 db 中返回指定 docid 的文档。除非您请求特定修订版本,否则始终返回文档的最新修订版本。

参数:
  • db – 数据库名称

  • docid – 文档 ID

请求标头:
  • Accept

    • application/json

    • multipart/related

    • multipart/mixed

    • text/plain

  • If-None-Match – 文档的双引号修订版本标记

查询参数:
  • attachments (boolean) – 在响应中包含附件主体。默认值为 false

  • att_encoding_info (boolean) – 如果特定附件已压缩,则在附件存根中包含编码信息。默认值为 false

  • atts_since (array) – 仅包含自指定修订版本以来的附件。不包含指定修订版本的附件。可选

  • conflicts (boolean) – 包含有关文档中冲突的信息。默认值为 false

  • deleted_conflicts (boolean) – 包含有关已删除的冲突修订版本的信息。默认值为 false

  • latest (boolean) – 强制检索最新的“叶”修订版本,无论请求了哪个 rev。默认值为 false

  • local_seq (boolean) – 包含文档的最后更新序列。默认值为 false

  • meta (boolean) – 作用与指定所有 conflictsdeleted_conflictsrevs_info 查询参数相同。默认值为 false

  • open_revs (array) – 检索指定叶修订版本的文档。此外,它接受 all 作为值以返回所有叶修订版本。可选

  • rev (string) – 检索指定修订版本的文档。可选

  • revs (boolean) – 包含所有已知文档修订版本的列表。默认值为 false

  • revs_info (boolean) – 包含所有已知文档修订版本的详细信息。默认值为 false

响应标头:
  • Content-Type

    • application/json

    • multipart/related

    • multipart/mixed

    • text/plain; charset=utf-8

  • ETag – 文档的双引号修订版本标记。在检索与冲突相关的信息时不可用

  • Transfer-Encodingchunked。如果使用查询参数 open_revs 请求,则可用

响应 JSON 对象:
  • _id (string) – 文档 ID

  • _rev (string) – 修订版本 MVCC 标记

  • _deleted (boolean) – 删除标志。如果文档已删除,则可用

  • _attachments (object) – 附件的存根。如果文档有任何附件,则可用

  • _conflicts (array) – 冲突修订版本的列表。如果使用 conflicts=true 查询参数请求,则可用

  • _deleted_conflicts (array) – 已删除的冲突修订版本的列表。如果使用 deleted_conflicts=true 查询参数请求,则可用

  • _local_seq (string) – 文档在当前数据库中的更新序列。如果使用 local_seq=true 查询参数请求,则可用

  • _revs_info (array) – 包含有关本地修订版本及其状态的信息的对象列表。如果使用 open_revs 查询参数请求,则可用

  • _revisions (object) – 本地修订版本标记的列表,不带。如果使用 revs=true 查询参数请求,则可用

状态代码:

请求:

GET /recipes/SpaghettiWithMeatballs HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Host: localhost:5984

响应:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: must-revalidate
Content-Length: 660
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2013 21:35:37 GMT
ETag: "1-917fa2381192822767f010b95b45325b"
Server: CouchDB (Erlang/OTP)

{
    "_id": "SpaghettiWithMeatballs",
    "_rev": "1-917fa2381192822767f010b95b45325b",
    "description": "An Italian-American dish that usually consists of spaghetti, tomato sauce and meatballs.",
    "ingredients": [
        "spaghetti",
        "tomato sauce",
        "meatballs"
    ],
    "name": "Spaghetti with meatballs"
}
PUT /{db}/{docid}

The PUT 方法创建新的命名文档,或创建现有文档的新修订版本。与 POST /{db} 不同,您必须在请求 URL 中指定文档 ID。

更新现有文档时,必须在文档(即请求正文)中包含当前文档修订版本,作为 rev 查询参数,或在 If-Match 请求标头中包含。

参数:
  • db – 数据库名称

  • docid – 文档 ID

请求标头:
  • Accept

    • application/json

    • text/plain

  • Content-Type

    • application/json

    • multipart/related

  • If-Match – 文档的修订版本。作为 rev 查询参数或文档键的替代方法。可选

查询参数:
  • rev (string) – 如果更新现有文档,则为文档的修订版本。作为 If-Match 标头或文档键的替代方法。可选

  • batch (string) – 将文档存储在 批处理模式 中。可能的值:ok可选

  • new_edits (布尔值) – 阻止插入冲突文档。可能的值:true(默认)和false。如果为false,则必须在文档中包含格式良好的_revnew_edits=false 用于复制器将文档插入目标数据库,即使这会导致创建冲突。可选``false`` 值仅供复制器使用。

响应标头:
  • Content-Type

    • application/json

    • text/plain; charset=utf-8

    • multipart/related

  • ETag – 引用的文档的新修订版

  • Location – 文档 URI

响应 JSON 对象:
  • id (字符串) – 文档 ID

  • ok (布尔值) – 操作状态

  • rev (字符串) – 修订版 MVCC 令牌

状态代码:

请求:

PUT /recipes/SpaghettiWithMeatballs HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Content-Length: 196
Content-Type: application/json
Host: localhost:5984

{
    "description": "An Italian-American dish that usually consists of spaghetti, tomato sauce and meatballs.",
    "ingredients": [
        "spaghetti",
        "tomato sauce",
        "meatballs"
    ],
    "name": "Spaghetti with meatballs"
}

响应:

HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Cache-Control: must-revalidate
Content-Length: 85
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2013 20:31:39 GMT
ETag: "1-917fa2381192822767f010b95b45325b"
Location: https://127.0.0.1:5984/recipes/SpaghettiWithMeatballs
Server: CouchDB (Erlang/OTP)

{
    "id": "SpaghettiWithMeatballs",
    "ok": true,
    "rev": "1-917fa2381192822767f010b95b45325b"
}
DELETE /{db}/{docid}

通过添加一个值为true_deleted 字段,将指定的文档标记为已删除。具有此字段的文档将不再在请求中返回,但会保留在数据库中。您必须提供当前(最新)修订版,方法是使用rev 参数或使用If-Match 标头来指定修订版。

注意

CouchDB 不会完全删除指定的文档。相反,它会留下一个墓碑,其中包含有关文档的非常基本的信息。墓碑是必需的,以便删除操作可以在数据库之间复制。

参数:
  • db – 数据库名称

  • docid – 文档 ID

请求标头:
  • Accept

    • application/json

    • text/plain

  • If-Match – 文档的修订版。作为rev 查询参数的替代方案

查询参数:
  • rev (字符串) – 实际文档的修订版

  • batch (字符串) – 将文档存储在批处理模式 中。可能的值:ok可选

响应标头:
  • Content-Type

    • application/json

    • text/plain; charset=utf-8

  • ETag – 带双引号的文档的新修订版

响应 JSON 对象:
  • id (字符串) – 文档 ID

  • ok (布尔值) – 操作状态

  • rev (字符串) – 修订版 MVCC 令牌

状态代码:

请求:

DELETE /recipes/FishStew?rev=1-9c65296036141e575d32ba9c034dd3ee HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Host: localhost:5984

或者,您可以使用If-Match 标头,而不是rev 查询参数

DELETE /recipes/FishStew HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
If-Match: 1-9c65296036141e575d32ba9c034dd3ee
Host: localhost:5984

响应:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: must-revalidate
Content-Length: 71
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2013 12:23:13 GMT
ETag: "2-056f5f44046ecafc08a2bc2b9c229e20"
Server: CouchDB (Erlang/OTP)

{
    "id": "FishStew",
    "ok": true,
    "rev": "2-056f5f44046ecafc08a2bc2b9c229e20"
}
COPY /{db}/{docid}

COPY(非标准 HTTP)将现有文档复制到新的或现有的文档。只能在同一个数据库内复制文档。

源文档在请求行上指定,请求的Destination 标头指定目标文档。

参数:
  • db – 数据库名称

  • docid – 文档 ID

请求标头:
  • Accept

    • application/json

    • text/plain

  • Destination – 目标文档。必须包含目标文档 ID,以及可选的目标文档修订版(如果复制到现有文档)。请参阅复制到现有文档

  • If-Match – 源文档的修订版。作为rev 查询参数的替代方案

查询参数:
  • rev (字符串) – 要从中复制的修订版。可选

  • batch (字符串) – 将文档存储在批处理模式 中。可能的值:ok可选

响应标头:
  • Content-Type

    • application/json

    • text/plain; charset=utf-8

  • ETag – 带双引号的文档的新修订版

  • Location – 文档 URI

响应 JSON 对象:
  • id (字符串) – 文档文档 ID

  • ok (布尔值) – 操作状态

  • rev (字符串) – 修订版 MVCC 令牌

状态代码:

请求:

COPY /recipes/SpaghettiWithMeatballs HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Destination: SpaghettiWithMeatballs_Italian
Host: localhost:5984

响应:

HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Cache-Control: must-revalidate
Content-Length: 93
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2013 14:21:00 GMT
ETag: "1-e86fdf912560c2321a5fcefc6264e6d9"
Location: https://127.0.0.1:5984/recipes/SpaghettiWithMeatballs_Italian
Server: CouchDB (Erlang/OTP)

{
    "id": "SpaghettiWithMeatballs_Italian",
    "ok": true,
    "rev": "1-e86fdf912560c2321a5fcefc6264e6d9"
}

1.4.1.1. 附件

如果文档包含附件,则返回的结构将包含与文档关联的附件的摘要,但不包含附件数据本身。

返回的文档的 JSON 将包含_attachments 字段,其中包含一个或多个附件定义。

_attachments 对象键是附件名称,而值是具有以下结构的信息对象

  • content_type (字符串):附件 MIME 类型

  • data (字符串):Base64 编码的内容。如果使用以下查询参数请求附件内容,则可用

    • attachments=true 查询文档时

    • attachments=true&include_docs=true 查询更改馈送视图

    • atts_since.

  • digest (字符串):内容哈希摘要。它以宣布哈希类型的前缀开头(md5-),并以 Base64 编码的哈希摘要继续

  • encoded_length (数字):压缩附件的大小(以字节为单位)。如果content_type 位于list of compressible types 中(在添加附件时),并且指定了以下查询参数,则可用

    • att_encoding_info=true 查询文档时

    • att_encoding_info=true&include_docs=true 查询更改馈送视图

  • encoding (字符串):压缩编解码器。如果content_type 位于list of compressible types 中(在添加附件时),并且指定了以下查询参数,则可用

    • att_encoding_info=true 查询文档时

    • att_encoding_info=true&include_docs=true 查询更改馈送视图

  • length (数字):实际附件的大小(以字节为单位)。如果请求附件内容,则不可用

  • revpos (数字):添加附件时的修订版编号

  • stub (布尔值):如果对象包含存根信息且没有内容,则具有true 值。否则在响应中省略

1.4.1.1.1. 基本附件信息

请求:

GET /recipes/SpaghettiWithMeatballs HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Host: localhost:5984

响应:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: must-revalidate
Content-Length: 660
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2013 21:35:37 GMT
ETag: "5-fd96acb3256302bf0dd2f32713161f2a"
Server: CouchDB (Erlang/OTP)

{
    "_attachments": {
        "grandma_recipe.txt": {
            "content_type": "text/plain",
            "digest": "md5-Ids41vtv725jyrN7iUvMcQ==",
            "length": 1872,
            "revpos": 4,
            "stub": true
        },
        "my_recipe.txt": {
            "content_type": "text/plain",
            "digest": "md5-198BPPNiT5fqlLxoYYbjBA==",
            "length": 85,
            "revpos": 5,
            "stub": true
        },
        "photo.jpg": {
            "content_type": "image/jpeg",
            "digest": "md5-7Pv4HW2822WY1r/3WDbPug==",
            "length": 165504,
            "revpos": 2,
            "stub": true
        }
    },
    "_id": "SpaghettiWithMeatballs",
    "_rev": "5-fd96acb3256302bf0dd2f32713161f2a",
    "description": "An Italian-American dish that usually consists of spaghetti, tomato sauce and meatballs.",
    "ingredients": [
        "spaghetti",
        "tomato sauce",
        "meatballs"
    ],
    "name": "Spaghetti with meatballs"
}

1.4.1.1.2. 检索附件内容

可以使用attachments=true 查询参数检索包含所有附加文件内容的文档

请求:

GET /db/pixel?attachments=true HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Host: localhost:5984

响应:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: must-revalidate
Content-Length: 553
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2013 11:32:40 GMT
ETag: "4-f1bcae4bf7bbb92310079e632abfe3f4"
Server: CouchDB (Erlang/OTP)

{
    "_attachments": {
        "pixel.gif": {
            "content_type": "image/gif",
            "data": "R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7",
            "digest": "md5-2JdGiI2i2VELZKnwMers1Q==",
            "revpos": 2
        },
        "pixel.png": {
            "content_type": "image/png",
            "data": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAANQTFRFAAAAp3o92gAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAABYktHRACIBR1IAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB3RJTUUH3QgOCx8VHgmcNwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=",
            "digest": "md5-Dgf5zxgGuchWrve73evvGQ==",
            "revpos": 3
        }
    },
    "_id": "pixel",
    "_rev": "4-f1bcae4bf7bbb92310079e632abfe3f4"
}

或者使用atts_since 查询参数检索自特定修订版以来的附加文件内容

请求:

GET /recipes/SpaghettiWithMeatballs?atts_since=[%224-874985bc28906155ba0e2e0538f67b05%22]  HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Host: localhost:5984

响应:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: must-revalidate
Content-Length: 760
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2013 21:35:37 GMT
ETag: "5-fd96acb3256302bf0dd2f32713161f2a"
Server: CouchDB (Erlang/OTP)

{
    "_attachments": {
        "grandma_recipe.txt": {
            "content_type": "text/plain",
            "digest": "md5-Ids41vtv725jyrN7iUvMcQ==",
            "length": 1872,
            "revpos": 4,
            "stub": true
        },
        "my_recipe.txt": {
            "content_type": "text/plain",
            "data": "MS4gQ29vayBzcGFnaGV0dGkKMi4gQ29vayBtZWV0YmFsbHMKMy4gTWl4IHRoZW0KNC4gQWRkIHRvbWF0byBzYXVjZQo1LiAuLi4KNi4gUFJPRklUIQ==",
            "digest": "md5-198BPPNiT5fqlLxoYYbjBA==",
            "revpos": 5
        },
        "photo.jpg": {
            "content_type": "image/jpeg",
            "digest": "md5-7Pv4HW2822WY1r/3WDbPug==",
            "length": 165504,
            "revpos": 2,
            "stub": true
        }
    },
    "_id": "SpaghettiWithMeatballs",
    "_rev": "5-fd96acb3256302bf0dd2f32713161f2a",
    "description": "An Italian-American dish that usually consists of spaghetti, tomato sauce and meatballs.",
    "ingredients": [
        "spaghetti",
        "tomato sauce",
        "meatballs"
    ],
    "name": "Spaghetti with meatballs"
}

1.4.1.1.2.1. 高效地检索多个附件

如上所述,使用attachments=true 检索文档将返回一个包含所有附件的大型 JSON 对象。当您的文档和文件较小时,这没问题,但如果您附加了更大的内容(如媒体文件(音频/视频)),则解析此类响应可能会非常昂贵。

为了解决此问题,CouchDB 允许以multipart/related 格式获取文档

请求:

GET /recipes/secret?attachments=true HTTP/1.1
Accept: multipart/related
Host: localhost:5984

响应:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 538
Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="e89b3e29388aef23453450d10e5aaed0"
Date: Sat, 28 Sep 2013 08:08:22 GMT
ETag: "2-c1c6c44c4bc3c9344b037c8690468605"
Server: CouchDB (Erlang OTP)

--e89b3e29388aef23453450d10e5aaed0
Content-Type: application/json

{"_id":"secret","_rev":"2-c1c6c44c4bc3c9344b037c8690468605","_attachments":{"recipe.txt":{"content_type":"text/plain","revpos":2,"digest":"md5-HV9aXJdEnu0xnMQYTKgOFA==","length":86,"follows":true}}}
--e89b3e29388aef23453450d10e5aaed0
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="recipe.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 86

1. Take R
2. Take E
3. Mix with L
4. Add some A
5. Serve with X

--e89b3e29388aef23453450d10e5aaed0--

在此响应中,文档仅包含附件存根信息,并且非常短,而所有附件都作为单独的实体出现,这减少了内存占用量和处理开销(您会注意到,附件内容以原始数据形式出现,而不是以 Base64 编码形式出现,对吧?)。

1.4.1.1.3. 检索附件编码信息

通过使用att_encoding_info=true 查询参数,您可以检索有关压缩附件大小和使用编解码器的信息。

请求:

GET /recipes/SpaghettiWithMeatballs?att_encoding_info=true HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Host: localhost:5984

响应:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: must-revalidate
Content-Length: 736
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2013 21:35:37 GMT
ETag: "5-fd96acb3256302bf0dd2f32713161f2a"
Server: CouchDB (Erlang/OTP)

{
    "_attachments": {
        "grandma_recipe.txt": {
            "content_type": "text/plain",
            "digest": "md5-Ids41vtv725jyrN7iUvMcQ==",
            "encoded_length": 693,
            "encoding": "gzip",
            "length": 1872,
            "revpos": 4,
            "stub": true
        },
        "my_recipe.txt": {
            "content_type": "text/plain",
            "digest": "md5-198BPPNiT5fqlLxoYYbjBA==",
            "encoded_length": 100,
            "encoding": "gzip",
            "length": 85,
            "revpos": 5,
            "stub": true
        },
        "photo.jpg": {
            "content_type": "image/jpeg",
            "digest": "md5-7Pv4HW2822WY1r/3WDbPug==",
            "length": 165504,
            "revpos": 2,
            "stub": true
        }
    },
    "_id": "SpaghettiWithMeatballs",
    "_rev": "5-fd96acb3256302bf0dd2f32713161f2a",
    "description": "An Italian-American dish that usually consists of spaghetti, tomato sauce and meatballs.",
    "ingredients": [
        "spaghetti",
        "tomato sauce",
        "meatballs"
    ],
    "name": "Spaghetti with meatballs"
}

1.4.1.1.4. 创建多个附件

要使用单个请求创建包含多个附件的文档,您只需将 Base64 编码的附件数据内联到文档正文中

{
  "_id":"multiple_attachments",
  "_attachments":
  {
    "foo.txt":
    {
      "content_type":"text\/plain",
      "data": "VGhpcyBpcyBhIGJhc2U2NCBlbmNvZGVkIHRleHQ="
    },

   "bar.txt":
    {
      "content_type":"text\/plain",
      "data": "VGhpcyBpcyBhIGJhc2U2NCBlbmNvZGVkIHRleHQ="
    }
  }
}

或者,您可以以multipart/related 格式更有效地上传包含附件的文档。这避免了对附件进行 Base64 编码,从而节省了 CPU 和带宽。为此,请将Content-Type 标头设置为multipart/related

第一个 MIME 正文是文档本身,它应该具有自己的Content-Typeapplication/json"。它还应该包含一个_attachments 元数据对象,其中每个附件对象都有一个键follows,其值为true

后续 MIME 正文是附件。

请求:

PUT /temp/somedoc HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Content-Length: 372
Content-Type: multipart/related;boundary="abc123"
Host: localhost:5984
User-Agent: HTTPie/0.6.0

--abc123
Content-Type: application/json

{
    "body": "This is a body.",
    "_attachments": {
        "foo.txt": {
            "follows": true,
            "content_type": "text/plain",
            "length": 21
        },
        "bar.txt": {
            "follows": true,
            "content_type": "text/plain",
            "length": 20
        }
    }
}

--abc123

this is 21 chars long
--abc123

this is 20 chars lon
--abc123--

响应:

HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Cache-Control: must-revalidate
Content-Length: 72
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Sat, 28 Sep 2013 09:13:24 GMT
ETag: "1-5575e26acdeb1df561bb5b70b26ba151"
Location: https://127.0.0.1:5984/temp/somedoc
Server: CouchDB (Erlang OTP)

{
    "id": "somedoc",
    "ok": true,
    "rev": "1-5575e26acdeb1df561bb5b70b26ba151"
}

1.4.1.2. 获取修订版列表

您可以通过在请求 URL 中添加 revs=true 参数来获取给定文档的修订列表。

请求:

GET /recipes/SpaghettiWithMeatballs?revs=true  HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Host: localhost:5984

响应:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: must-revalidate
Content-Length: 584
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2013 11:38:26 GMT
ETag: "5-fd96acb3256302bf0dd2f32713161f2a"
Server: CouchDB (Erlang/OTP)

{
    "_id": "SpaghettiWithMeatballs",
    "_rev": "8-6f5ad8db0f34af24a6e0984cd1a6cfb9",
    "_revisions": {
        "ids": [
            "6f5ad8db0f34af24a6e0984cd1a6cfb9",
            "77fba3a059497f51ec99b9b478b569d2",
            "136813b440a00a24834f5cb1ddf5b1f1",
            "fd96acb3256302bf0dd2f32713161f2a",
            "874985bc28906155ba0e2e0538f67b05",
            "0de77a37463bf391d14283e626831f2e",
            "d795d1b924777732fdea76538c558b62",
            "917fa2381192822767f010b95b45325b"
        ],
        "start": 8
    },
    "description": "An Italian-American dish that usually consists of spaghetti, tomato sauce and meatballs.",
    "ingredients": [
        "spaghetti",
        "tomato sauce",
        "meatballs"
    ],
    "name": "Spaghetti with meatballs"
}

返回的 JSON 结构包含原始文档,包括一个 _revisions 结构,其中包含以下形式的修订信息。

  • ids (数组): 有效修订 ID 的数组,按反序排列(最新修订在最前面)。

  • start (数字): 最新修订的前缀数字。

1.4.1.3. 获取扩展修订历史记录

您可以通过在查询中提供 revs_info 参数来获取有关给定文档的修订的更多信息。

请求:

GET /recipes/SpaghettiWithMeatballs?revs_info=true  HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Host: localhost:5984

响应:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: must-revalidate
Content-Length: 802
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2013 11:40:55 GMT
Server: CouchDB (Erlang/OTP)

{
    "_id": "SpaghettiWithMeatballs",
    "_rev": "8-6f5ad8db0f34af24a6e0984cd1a6cfb9",
    "_revs_info": [
        {
            "rev": "8-6f5ad8db0f34af24a6e0984cd1a6cfb9",
            "status": "available"
        },
        {
            "rev": "7-77fba3a059497f51ec99b9b478b569d2",
            "status": "deleted"
        },
        {
            "rev": "6-136813b440a00a24834f5cb1ddf5b1f1",
            "status": "available"
        },
        {
            "rev": "5-fd96acb3256302bf0dd2f32713161f2a",
            "status": "missing"
        },
        {
            "rev": "4-874985bc28906155ba0e2e0538f67b05",
            "status": "missing"
        },
        {
            "rev": "3-0de77a37463bf391d14283e626831f2e",
            "status": "missing"
        },
        {
            "rev": "2-d795d1b924777732fdea76538c558b62",
            "status": "missing"
        },
        {
            "rev": "1-917fa2381192822767f010b95b45325b",
            "status": "missing"
        }
    ],
    "description": "An Italian-American dish that usually consists of spaghetti, tomato sauce and meatballs.",
    "ingredients": [
        "spaghetti",
        "tomato sauce",
        "meatballs"
    ],
    "name": "Spaghetti with meatballs"
}

返回的文档包含 _revs_info 字段,其中包含扩展的修订信息,包括每个修订的可用性和状态。此数组字段包含具有以下结构的对象。

  • rev (字符串): 完整的修订字符串。

  • status (字符串): 修订的状态。可能是以下之一。

    • available: 修订可通过 rev 查询参数检索。

    • missing: 修订不可用。

    • deleted: 修订属于已删除的文档。

1.4.1.4. 获取特定修订

要获取特定修订,请在请求中使用 rev 参数,并指定完整的修订编号。将返回文档的指定修订,包括一个 _rev 字段,指定请求的修订。

请求:

GET /recipes/SpaghettiWithMeatballs?rev=6-136813b440a00a24834f5cb1ddf5b1f1  HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Host: localhost:5984

响应:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: must-revalidate
Content-Length: 271
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2013 11:40:55 GMT
Server: CouchDB (Erlang/OTP)

{
    "_id": "SpaghettiWithMeatballs",
    "_rev": "6-136813b440a00a24834f5cb1ddf5b1f1",
    "description": "An Italian-American dish that usually consists of spaghetti, tomato sauce and meatballs.",
    "ingredients": [
        "spaghetti",
        "tomato sauce",
        "meatballs"
    ],
    "name": "Spaghetti with meatballs"
}

1.4.1.4.1. 检索已删除的文档

CouchDB 实际上不会通过 DELETE /{db}/{docid} 删除文档。相反,它会留下一个墓碑,其中包含有关文档的非常基本的信息。如果您只是 GET /{db}/{docid} CouchDB 返回 404 Not Found 响应。

请求:

GET /recipes/FishStew  HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Host: localhost:5984

响应:

HTTP/1.1 404 Object Not Found
Cache-Control: must-revalidate
Content-Length: 41
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2013 12:23:27 GMT
Server: CouchDB (Erlang/OTP)

{
    "error": "not_found",
    "reason": "deleted"
}

但是,您可以通过使用 rev 查询参数以及 GET /{db}/{docid} 请求来检索文档的墓碑。

请求:

GET /recipes/FishStew?rev=2-056f5f44046ecafc08a2bc2b9c229e20  HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Host: localhost:5984

响应:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: must-revalidate
Content-Length: 79
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2013 12:30:22 GMT
ETag: "2-056f5f44046ecafc08a2bc2b9c229e20"
Server: CouchDB (Erlang/OTP)

{
    "_deleted": true,
    "_id": "FishStew",
    "_rev": "2-056f5f44046ecafc08a2bc2b9c229e20"
}

1.4.1.5. 更新现有文档

要更新现有文档,您必须在 _rev 参数中指定当前修订编号。

请求:

PUT /recipes/SpaghettiWithMeatballs HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Content-Length: 258
Content-Type: application/json
Host: localhost:5984

{
    "_rev": "1-917fa2381192822767f010b95b45325b",
    "description": "An Italian-American dish that usually consists of spaghetti, tomato sauce and meatballs.",
    "ingredients": [
        "spaghetti",
        "tomato sauce",
        "meatballs"
    ],
    "name": "Spaghetti with meatballs",
    "serving": "hot"
}

或者,您可以在请求的 If-Match HTTP 标头中提供当前修订编号。

PUT /recipes/SpaghettiWithMeatballs HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Content-Length: 258
Content-Type: application/json
If-Match: 1-917fa2381192822767f010b95b45325b
Host: localhost:5984

{
    "description": "An Italian-American dish that usually consists of spaghetti, tomato sauce and meatballs.",
    "ingredients": [
        "spaghetti",
        "tomato sauce",
        "meatballs"
    ],
    "name": "Spaghetti with meatballs",
    "serving": "hot"
}

响应:

HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Cache-Control: must-revalidate
Content-Length: 85
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2013 20:33:56 GMT
ETag: "2-790895a73b63fb91dd863388398483dd"
Location: https://127.0.0.1:5984/recipes/SpaghettiWithMeatballs
Server: CouchDB (Erlang/OTP)

{
    "id": "SpaghettiWithMeatballs",
    "ok": true,
    "rev": "2-790895a73b63fb91dd863388398483dd"
}

1.4.1.6. 从特定修订复制

要从特定版本复制,请在查询字符串中使用 rev 参数或 If-Match

请求:

COPY /recipes/SpaghettiWithMeatballs HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Destination: SpaghettiWithMeatballs_Original
If-Match: 1-917fa2381192822767f010b95b45325b
Host: localhost:5984

响应:

HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Cache-Control: must-revalidate
Content-Length: 93
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2013 14:21:00 GMT
ETag: "1-917fa2381192822767f010b95b45325b"
Location: https://127.0.0.1:5984/recipes/SpaghettiWithMeatballs_Original
Server: CouchDB (Erlang/OTP)

{
    "id": "SpaghettiWithMeatballs_Original",
    "ok": true,
    "rev": "1-917fa2381192822767f010b95b45325b"
}

1.4.1.7. 复制到现有文档

要复制到现有文档,您必须通过将 rev 参数附加到 Destination 标头字符串来指定目标文档的当前修订字符串。

请求:

COPY /recipes/SpaghettiWithMeatballs?rev=8-6f5ad8db0f34af24a6e0984cd1a6cfb9 HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Destination: SpaghettiWithMeatballs_Original?rev=1-917fa2381192822767f010b95b45325b
Host: localhost:5984

响应:

HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Cache-Control: must-revalidate
Content-Length: 93
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2013 14:21:00 GMT
ETag: "2-62e778c9ec09214dd685a981dcc24074""
Location: https://127.0.0.1:5984/recipes/SpaghettiWithMeatballs_Original
Server: CouchDB (Erlang/OTP)

{
    "id": "SpaghettiWithMeatballs_Original",
    "ok": true,
    "rev": "2-62e778c9ec09214dd685a981dcc24074"
}